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Steps to Create a systemd Service for Your Python Script (+venv)

  1. Create a systemd Service Unit File: Create a service unit file for your Python script. This file defines how the service is run and managed. Place the file in /etc/systemd/system/ with a .service extension, for example, myscript.service. 
    sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/myscript.service
  2. Define the Service Unit File: Add the following content to the service unit file. Adjust the paths and parameters according to your setup: 
    [Unit]
Description=My Python Script Service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
WorkingDirectory=/path/to/your/script
ExecStart=/path/to/venv/bin/python /path/to/your/script/main.py
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
    • Description: A short description of the service.
    • After: Specifies the order in which services should be started (optional).
    • User: The user under which the script will run.
    • WorkingDirectory: The directory where the script is located.
    • ExecStart: The command to start your Python script, using the Python interpreter from your virtual environment.
    • Restart: Specifies the restart policy (e.g., restart on failure).
  3. Reload systemd to Apply the Changes: After creating or modifying the service unit file, reload systemd to recognize the new or updated service. 
    sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  4. Start the Service: Start the service using systemctl: 
    sudo systemctl start myscript.service
  5. Enable the Service to Start on Boot: To ensure that the service starts automatically on boot, enable it: 
    sudo systemctl enable myscript.service
  6. Check the Status of the Service: To check the status of the service and see if it’s running correctly: 
    sudo systemctl status myscript.service
  7. View Logs for Debugging: To view logs for the service, which can be useful for debugging: 
    sudo journalctl -u myscript.service
By following these steps, you can effectively manage your Python script as a service using systemd.